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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Studies in Law and Politics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Studies in Law and Politics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Russian Studies in Law and Politics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2576-9634</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2998-8284</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Science and Innovation Center Publishing House</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">492604</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.12731/2576-9634-2026-10-3-279</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">ZIQMZC</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Междисциплинарные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Interdisciplinary Research</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Quantum diplomacy: nonlinear strategies of actor interaction in contemporary international relations</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Квантовая дипломатия: нелинейные стратегии взаимодействия акторов в современных международных отношениях</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4901-5067</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чепурной</surname><given-names>Владислав Анатольевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chepurnoy</surname><given-names>Vladislav A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>преподаватель кафедры «Управление персоналом и бизнес-информатика», аспирант кафедры политических наук и международных отношений Института «Таврическая академия»</p> <p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lecturer at the Department of Human Resource Management and Business Informatics; Postgraduate Student at the Department of Political Science and International Relations, Institute of Taurida Academy</p> <p> </p></bio><email>chipth@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">АНО «ООВО» «Университет экономики и управления»</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="en">University of Economics and Management</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><content-language>ru</content-language><pub-date date-type="preprint" publication-format="electronic" iso-8601-date="2026-09-30"><day>30</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic" iso-8601-date="2026-09-30"><day>30</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>137</fpage><lpage>160</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-08-10"><day>10</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-09-15"><day>15</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></date></history><pub-history><event event-type="received"><event-desc>Received:<date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-08-10"><day>10</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></date></event-desc></event><event event-type="accepted"><event-desc>Accepted:<date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-09-15"><day>15</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></date></event-desc></event><event event-type="pub"><event-desc>Published:<pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic" iso-8601-date="2026-09-30"><day>30</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></pub-date></event-desc></event></pub-history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, V.A. Chepurnoy</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, В.А. Чепурной</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">V.A. Chepurnoy</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">В.А. Чепурной</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rcsi.science/2576-9634/article/view/492604">https://journals.rcsi.science/2576-9634/article/view/492604</self-uri><self-uri content-type="application/pdf" xlink:href="492604/492604-1276400-1-SM.pdf" xlink:title="PDF" xml:lang="ru">492604/492604-1276400-1-SM.pdf</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background. The article examines quantum diplomacy as an additional methodological tool for analysing international relations under conditions of digitalisation, nonlinearity, and growing interdependence among political actors.</p> <p>Purpose. The study aims to clarify the conceptual and methodological content of quantum diplomacy and to develop a model for applying its key principles to the analysis of contemporary international interactions.</p> <p>Methodology. The study is conceptual and theoretical in nature and is based on interdisciplinary, comparative, and systems approaches, as well as conceptual modelling. Selected international political situations are used as illustrative cases to demonstrate the analytical applicability of the categories under consideration.</p> <p>Results. The study shows that quantum diplomacy does not replace existing theories of international relations but supplements them by providing a unified analytical framework for examining multiple states of relations among actors, their interdependence, the influence of interpretations, and the uncertainty of further developments. The analytical content of the principles of diplomatic superposition, entanglement, the observer effect, and uncertainty is systematised, and a five-stage model for analysing international interaction is proposed. The applicability of individual elements of the model is illustrated through Russia-United States relations, United States-China technological competition, and the situation in the Taiwan Strait.</p> <p>Practical implications. The findings may be applied to studies of international security, sanctions policy, digital diplomacy, technological competition, and conflict escalation.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Обоснование. Статья посвящена концепции квантовой дипломатии как дополнительному методологическому инструменту анализа международных отношений в условиях цифровизации, нелинейности и возрастающей взаимозависимости политических акторов.</p> <p>Цель. Цель работы состоит в уточнении концептуально-методологического содержания квантовой дипломатии и разработке модели применения её ключевых принципов к анализу современных международных взаимодействий.</p> <p>Методология проведения работы. Исследование носит концептуально-теоретический характер и основано на междисциплинарном, сравнительном и системном подходах, а также на концептуальном моделировании. Отдельные международно-политические ситуации используются в качестве иллюстративных кейсов для демонстрации возможностей применения рассматриваемых категорий.</p> <p>Результаты. Установлено, что квантовая дипломатия не заменяет существующие теории международных отношений, а дополняет их, позволяя в рамках единой аналитической схемы учитывать множественность состояний отношений между акторами, их взаимозависимость, влияние интерпретаций и неопределённость дальнейшего развития ситуации. Систематизировано аналитическое содержание принципов дипломатической суперпозиции, запутанности, эффекта наблюдателя и неопределённости и предложена пятиэтапная модель анализа международного взаимодействия. Возможности применения отдельных элементов модели проиллюстрированы на примерах российско-американских отношений, американо-китайского технологического соперничества и ситуации вокруг Тайваньского пролива.</p> <p>Область применения результатов. Выводы могут использоваться при исследовании международной безопасности, санкционной политики, цифровой дипломатии, технологического соперничества и конфликтной эскалации.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>квантовая дипломатия</kwd><kwd>международные отношения</kwd><kwd>цифровое пространство</kwd><kwd>политические акторы</kwd><kwd>цифровая дипломатия</kwd><kwd>геополитика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>quantum diplomacy</kwd><kwd>international relations</kwd><kwd>digital space</kwd><kwd>political actors</kwd><kwd>digital diplomacy</kwd><kwd>geopolitics</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arapova, E. Ya. (2022). The US–China trade war: Economic and legal effects. Comparative Politics, 13(1–2), 98–115. https://doi.org/10.46272/2221-3279-2022-1-2-13-98-115. 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